Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder in which one’s breathing is continuously interrupted during their sleep. These interruptions, known as apneas, can lead to poor sleep quality and have serious health consequences. While many people know traditional treatments such as CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machines, fewer realize the significant role orthodontics can play in addressing sleep apnea. At Hutta Orthodontic Specialists, our team offers various treatments to help manage, alleviate, and even prevent sleep apnea symptoms.
Types of sleep apnea
There are three main types of sleep apnea: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), and complex sleep apnea. OSA, the most common type, occurs when the muscles in the throat relax excessively, blocking the airway. CSA is less common and happens when the brain fails to signal to the muscles to breathe. Complex sleep apnea syndrome is a combination of both obstructive and central sleep apnea.
Symptoms of sleep apnea
Common symptoms of sleep apnea include loud snoring, gasping for air during sleep, frequent awakenings, excessive daytime sleepiness, difficulty concentrating, and morning headaches. If left untreated, sleep apnea can lead to serious health issues such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.
Identifying candidates for orthodontic treatment
Not all sleep apnea patients are suitable candidates for orthodontic treatment. A thorough evaluation by an orthodontist, like our experts Dr. Hutta and Dr. Kamrani, often in collaboration with a sleep specialist, is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment plan. Factors such as the severity of the apnea, the patient’s medical history, and underlying anatomical issues will be considered.
How orthodontists can help treat sleep apnea
Our orthodontists specialize in diagnosing and treating dental and facial irregularities, many of which contribute to obstructive sleep apnea. By addressing structural issues in the mouth and jaw, orthodontic treatments can improve airflow and reduce the occurrence of apneas. Orthodontic interventions can be particularly beneficial for individuals who do not tolerate CPAP therapy well or are looking for alternative treatment options. Importantly, seeking care for young children can help influence facial growth and prevent future airway issues from developing, including sleep apnea.
Early intervention
Early orthodontic intervention can open a child’s airway and improve their breathing by treating issues such as a narrow maxilla and/or narrow dental arches. Correcting these issues during childhood can be especially beneficial, as improved breathing early on leads to improved overall health post-adolescence.
Jaw expansion techniques
Palatal expansion is an orthodontic technique used to widen the upper jaw and is particularly effective in younger patients. This involves using an expander device to gradually apply pressure to the palatal bones, encouraging them to grow wider over time. By expanding the palate and increasing the width of the upper jaw, our experts can create more space in the nasal cavity and improve airflow, preventing the likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea and poor sleep breathing. While these expanders are typically worn for three to six months, the recommended timeline can vary depending on the patient.
Surgical options to treat airway issues
In severe cases of sleep apnea, orthognathic surgery may be recommended. This surgical procedure involves repositioning the jaws to improve the alignment of the teeth and jaws and opening the airway. By moving the lower jaw and, in some cases, the upper jaw, orthognathic surgery can open the airway and significantly reduce the occurrence of apneas.
Genioglossus advancement (GA) is another surgical procedure that targets the base of the tongue, which significantly contributes to airway issues in sleep apnea patients. GA involves repositioning the attachment of the genioglossus muscle (the primary muscle of the tongue) to prevent it from collapsing into the airway during sleep. This procedure can be performed with other orthodontic or surgical treatments to enhance its effectiveness.
Adenotonsillectomy surgery can also be greatly beneficial in cases where enlarged tonsils and adenoids are contributing to airway obstruction. Removing the tonsils and adenoids is often a top treatment option for pediatric patients with OSA, as studies have shown significant improvements in sleep quality post-surgery.
Tongue retaining devices (TRDs) and mandibular advancement devices (MADs)
Although our office typically doesn’t treat sleep apnea with TRDs or MADs, we’re happy to refer you to another practice that does if either is deemed the best treatment option for you.
TRDs hold the tongue in a forward position, preventing it from falling back and obstructing the airway. These devices are useful for patients whose sleep apnea is primarily caused by tongue obstruction. TRDs are custom-fitted and can be a comfortable and effective treatment option for many individuals.
A MAD is a custom-made oral appliance that fits over the upper and lower teeth, similar to a mouthguard. These devices work by gently moving the lower jaw forward, which helps keep the airway open during sleep. By preventing the airway from collapsing, MADs can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of apneas.
Lifestyle and dental changes
In addition to treatment, certain lifestyle changes can help manage sleep apnea symptoms. These changes may include losing weight, avoiding alcohol and sedatives before bedtime, sleeping on your side, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule. Our HOS orthodontists can guide patients through these lifestyle modifications in conjunction with orthodontic treatments to achieve optimal results.
Especially for adult male patients, it is crucial to reduce their neck circumference below 16 inches and manage their body mass index (BMI). Excess weight around the neck can contribute to airway obstruction while sleeping. However, weight management through diets and exercise can dramatically improve OSA symptoms.
Benefits of orthodontics
One of the most significant benefits of treatment for sleep apnea is restful sleep. By addressing the structural issues that cause airway obstruction, orthodontic treatments can reduce the frequency and severity of apneas. More sleep can lead to an improved mood, increased energy levels, and an enhanced overall well-being.
Long-term health benefits of treating sleep apnea
Treating sleep apnea can have numerous long-term health benefits. By improving airflow and reducing apneas, treatments can lower the risk of developing serious health conditions such as hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. Patients who undergo successful orthodontic treatment for sleep apnea often experience better overall health and a higher quality of life.
Schedule an appointment with Hutta Orthodontic Specialists today
Orthodontics plays a crucial role in the multidisciplinary approach to treating sleep apnea. At HOS, we offer a range of treatment methods that can help manage, alleviate, and prevent sleep apnea symptoms.
If you or a loved one is struggling with sleep apnea or if you want to set up a healthy airway and breathing for your child, schedule a consultation with our experienced team. Dr. Kamrani and Dr. Hutta are dedicated to finding the most effective treatment plan to ensure you achieve better sleep and improved health. Orthodontic treatment for sleep apnea is an investment in your well-being, offering the potential for long-lasting benefits and a better quality of life. Contact our office today!